Management of rotator cuff disease: specific treatment for specific disorders

Disease of the rotator cuff is common. It is responsible for a high proportion of patients with shoulder pain presenting to general practice, causing work absenteeism and claims for sickness benefits. Rotator cuff disease (RCD) can often be managed in primary health care services, although some cases may require secondary referral. Both extrinsic and intrinsic factors to the cuff tendon are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis leading on to a spectrum of conditions ranging from sub-acromial bursitis to mechanical failure of the cuff tendon itself. Careful history and examination followed by pertinent investigation are essential to establish the correct diagnosis. The main aim of treatment is to improve symptoms and restore function of the affected shoulder. The majority of patients suffering from RCD can be managed by conservative means, but a shift in attitude has led to a significant number benefiting from invasive procedures ranging from decompression of the sub-acromial space to large, open procedures reconstructing the tendon itself.