Development of an automatic control algorithm for the electrohydraulic total artificial heart without transducers

To achieve a reliable and simple implantable total artificial heart, the number of implanted transducers providing the physiologic information required for automatic control should be minimized. To address this need, a new automatic control algorithm, based on a transducerless electrohydraulic total artificial heart (EHTAH) system, is proposed. The current EHTAH physiologic control algorithm relies on two implanted pressure transducers. Without these transducers, the information required for automatic control must be extracted from the running motor's parameters. These parameters correlated with the differential pressure across the axial flow pump used to actuate the EHTAH. Changes in this differential were chosen as a cue for cardiac output control. This algorithm can be viewed as depending upon systemic vascular resistance determined by subtracting mean right atrial pressure (RAP) from mean aortic pressure (AoP) and dividing the result by total cardiac output (CO). The difference between mean AoP and mean RAP was confirmed to correlate with the differential hydraulic pressure across the energy converter during the left systolic phase. As an interim configuration, a single differential pressure transducer measuring the differential hydraulic pressure across the energy converter was tested on a Donovan mock circulation system. The resultant CO response shows good sensitivity according to changes in both preload and afterload.