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Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 30, 2026

Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration
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Author Spotlight: Ex Vivo OCT-Based Multimodal Imaging of Human Donor Eyes for Research into Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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Is it worth reoperating on macular holes?

Xavier Valldeperas1, David Wong

  • 1Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Ophthalmology
|May 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Second surgery for macular holes (FTMH) successfully closed reopened holes in 100% of cases. Reoperations for unclosed holes had lower success rates, offering insights for surgical decisions.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Surgery

Background:

  • Idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (FTMH) can be challenging to treat.
  • Some patients require a second surgical intervention due to unsuccessful primary surgery or hole reopening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the visual outcomes of a second surgical attempt for FTMH.
  • To compare results between patients with unclosed FTMHs and those with reopened FTMHs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series of 72 patients undergoing a second pars plana vitrectomy for FTMH.
  • Treatments included autologous platelet concentrate, perfluoropropane endotamponade, and internal limiting membrane peeling.
  • Patients maintained a face-down position for 2 weeks post-surgery.

Main Results:

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  • 100% anatomic closure was achieved in the reopened FTMH group.
  • 76% anatomic closure was achieved in the unclosed FTMH group.
  • Mean best visual acuity improved significantly in the reopened group (0.42) compared to the unclosed group (0.19) after cataract surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Second surgery for reopened FTMH yields excellent anatomic and visual results.
  • Reoperations for initially unclosed FTMH have lower success rates and poorer visual outcomes.
  • Findings aid surgeons and patients in deciding on repeat surgical intervention for FTMH.