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Evolution of the iron-responsive element.

Paul Piccinelli1, Tore Samuelsson

  • 1Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|May 22, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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The iron-responsive element (IRE) controls iron metabolism. Its presence in ferritin mRNA across diverse species suggests it is ancestral, with other IREs evolving later in animal lineages.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The iron-responsive element (IRE) and iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) are crucial for regulating iron metabolism in animal cells.
  • IREs control translation initiation and mRNA stability for genes like ferritin, transferrin receptor (Tfr), and others.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history and phylogenetic distribution of the IRE RNA structure.
  • To determine the ancestral origin of the IRE and its subsequent spread across different genes and organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Computational analysis of IRE occurrence in a wide range of eukaryotic organisms.
  • Compilation of known and novel IRE sequences for phylogenetic analysis.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • The IRE of ferritin is found broadly across metazoa, including primitive forms like sponges and sea anemones.
  • IREs for eALAS and mACO are chordate-specific; ferroportin and Tfr1 IREs are vertebrate-specific; DMT1 IREs are mammalian-specific.
  • Phylogenetic analysis suggests the ferritin IRE is ancestral, with other IREs evolving independently in different animal lineages.

Conclusions:

  • The ferritin IRE likely represents the ancestral form of translational control via IREs.
  • The IRE structure was adopted by other genes during the evolution of higher animals.
  • Some IREs may have evolved through convergent evolution via stepwise sequence changes.