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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive functions.
Introduction to Sensory Receptors01:31

Introduction to Sensory Receptors

Sensory receptors are vital in our ability to perceive and interpret the world. Sensory receptors are specialized cells in the peripheral nervous system that respond to various stimuli and enable one to experience different sensations. Based on specific criteria, sensory receptors are classified into distinct types.
The first classification criterion is based on cell type, position, and function. Some receptor cells are neurons with free nerve endings, where their dendrites are embedded in the...
Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or...
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
G Protein-coupled Receptors01:15

G Protein-coupled Receptors

G Protein-Coupled Receptors or GPCRs are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to sensory stimuli such as light, odors, hormones, cytokines, or neurotransmitters.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical, 7TM, or serpentine receptors, and consist of seven (H1-H7) transmembrane alpha-helices that span the bilayer to form a cylindrical core. The transmembrane helices are connected by three extracellular loops and three...
Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors01:28

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells
14:02

Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells

Published on: April 9, 2018

Designer receptors for every body.

Irene Kaganman

    Nature Methods
    |May 22, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Researchers developed designer receptors using directed evolution. These novel receptors are activated by a specific ligand, offering precise cellular control without unintended biological effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology
    • Synthetic Biology

    Background:

    • Cellular receptors control biological processes.
    • Specificity is crucial for targeted therapies.
    • Existing methods may lack precise control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To engineer novel 'designer' receptors.
    • To achieve specific activation by a unique ligand.
    • To enable precise control over cellular functions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a directed evolution strategy.
    • Screened for receptors with desired ligand binding.
    • Validated receptor specificity and function in cellular assays.

    Main Results:

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    High-resolution Spatiotemporal Analysis of Receptor Dynamics by Single-molecule Fluorescence Microscopy
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    High-resolution Spatiotemporal Analysis of Receptor Dynamics by Single-molecule Fluorescence Microscopy

    Published on: July 25, 2014

    Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
    09:53

    Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

    Published on: April 23, 2019

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

    Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells
    14:02

    Optimizing the Genetic Incorporation of Chemical Probes into GPCRs for Photo-crosslinking Mapping and Bioorthogonal Chemistry in Live Mammalian Cells

    Published on: April 9, 2018

    High-resolution Spatiotemporal Analysis of Receptor Dynamics by Single-molecule Fluorescence Microscopy
    15:13

    High-resolution Spatiotemporal Analysis of Receptor Dynamics by Single-molecule Fluorescence Microscopy

    Published on: July 25, 2014

    Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
    09:53

    Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

    Published on: April 23, 2019

    • Successfully created designer receptors.
    • Demonstrated specific activation by the intended ligand.
    • Confirmed no off-target biological activity.

    Conclusions:

    • Directed evolution is effective for engineering specific receptors.
    • Designer receptors offer a precise tool for cellular manipulation.
    • This approach has potential applications in biotechnology and medicine.