Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
Several...
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
Groupthink01:34

Groupthink

When in group settings, we are often influenced by the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors around us. Groupthink is another phenomenon of conformity where modification of the opinions of members in a group aligns with what they believe is the group consensus (Janis, 1972). In such situations, the group often takes action that individuals would not perform outside the group setting because groups make more extreme decisions than individuals do. Moreover, groupthink can hinder opposing trains of...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Social Traps01:41

Social Traps

Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned more cows, the larger...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Simultaneous single-cell calcium imaging of neuronal population activity and brain-wide BOLD fMRI.

Nature methods·2026
Same journal

Towards a standardized file format and open-source analysis framework for Brillouin microscopy data.

Nature methods·2026
Same journal

SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium: a global effort for biological discovery across species, space and time.

Nature methods·2026
Same journal

NicheTrans: spatial-aware cross-omics translation.

Nature methods·2026
Same journal

Mapping models of the tumor microenvironment.

Nature methods·2026
Same journal

Representation in research.

Nature methods·2026
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration
11:16

A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration

Published on: February 6, 2014

Too much of a good thing.

Natalie v de Souza

    Nature Methods
    |May 22, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study tested how different oxygen levels affect cultured lymphocytes. Researchers found that lymphocytes grown at physiological oxygen levels (similar to conditions inside the body) maintained better redox balance than those in standard high-oxygen environments. They measured this using fluorescent probes and enzyme activity tests. The results suggest that traditional high-oxygen conditions may not accurately reflect how lymphocytes behave in the body. This could lead to better research methods for studying immune cell function. The study does not claim these findings apply to all cell types or make clinical recommendations.

    Keywords:
    lymphocyte culture methodsoxygen levels in cell cultureredox state measurementimmunology research techniques

    Frequently Asked Questions

    More Related Videos

    Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
    04:48

    Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System

    Published on: May 8, 2018

    Intermittent Binge-Intake Model in Mice
    05:15

    Intermittent Binge-Intake Model in Mice

    Published on: January 10, 2025

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

    A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration
    11:16

    A Novel Procedure for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Tastants in Laboratory Rats: Operant Intraoral Self-administration

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System
    04:48

    Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System

    Published on: May 8, 2018

    Intermittent Binge-Intake Model in Mice
    05:15

    Intermittent Binge-Intake Model in Mice

    Published on: January 10, 2025

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Cell physiology
    • Redox biology

    Background:

    Research on immune cell function has traditionally used high oxygen environments. These conditions may not reflect natural physiological states. Prior studies have shown that oxygen levels influence cell metabolism and signaling. However, the specific effects on lymphocyte redox balance remain unclear. This gap motivated researchers to test lymphocyte culture under physiological oxygen levels. No prior work had resolved how such conditions affect intracellular redox state. The need for accurate models of immune cell behavior is well established. This paper contributes by testing a novel culture approach.

    Purpose Of The Study:

    The goal was to assess lymphocyte behavior under physiological oxygen levels. Researchers aimed to determine if these conditions affect redox state. They hypothesized that lower oxygen levels might better preserve cell function. The study focused on primary lymphocytes rather than transformed cell lines. This choice ensured results reflected natural immune cell behavior. The motivation was to improve in vitro models of immune responses. Traditional high-oxygen conditions may distort redox signaling. This work addresses a critical gap in immunological research methods.

    Main Methods:

    The study compared lymphocyte cultures at physiological and ambient oxygen levels. Researchers measured intracellular redox state using fluorescent probes. They analyzed redox-sensitive proteins and antioxidant enzyme activity. Cell viability and metabolic markers were also assessed. The experimental design included matched control and test groups. All cultures were maintained under identical conditions except oxygen levels. Data collection focused on quantitative biochemical assays. The approach allowed direct comparison of redox states between conditions.

    Main Results:

    Lymphocytes cultured at physiological oxygen levels showed improved redox balance. Fluorescent probe measurements indicated lower oxidative stress in these cultures. Antioxidant enzyme activity was significantly higher in physiological oxygen groups. Metabolic markers suggested better energy production in low-oxygen conditions. Cell viability remained stable over time in both groups. The difference in redox state was most pronounced after 48 hours. These findings suggest oxygen levels directly influence lymphocyte function. The results support the hypothesis that physiological oxygen is beneficial.

    Conclusions:

    The study shows physiological oxygen levels better preserve lymphocyte redox state. This finding suggests standard high-oxygen conditions may distort cell behavior. Researchers propose that in vitro models should reflect physiological oxygen levels. The results do not prove physiological oxygen is essential for all cell functions. The study does not suggest all cell types behave similarly under low oxygen. The findings apply specifically to primary lymphocyte cultures. The authors state these results may improve immune cell research accuracy. No claims about clinical applications are made in the study.

    The study found lymphocytes cultured at physiological oxygen levels maintain better redox balance than those in ambient oxygen.

    They used fluorescent probes to detect changes in redox-sensitive proteins and antioxidant enzyme activity.

    The study suggests physiological oxygen levels better preserve natural redox balance and reduce oxidative stress in cultured lymphocytes.

    Fluorescent probe data and antioxidant enzyme activity measurements indicated better redox balance in physiological oxygen cultures.

    The most significant differences in redox state were observed after 48 hours of culture in physiological oxygen conditions.

    The authors suggest physiological oxygen conditions should be considered for improved in vitro lymphocyte research models.