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Comparative genomic instabilities of thyroid and colon cancers
Daniel L Stoler1, Norma J Nowak, Sei-ichi Matsui
1Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery
|May 23, 2007
Summary
Genomic instability in thyroid and colorectal cancers differs by size of alterations. Smaller genomic events characterize less aggressive thyroid cancers, while larger events correlate with aggressive tumor types like anaplastic thyroid and colorectal carcinomas.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Genomics
Background:
- Thyroid and colorectal cancers exhibit varying prognoses.
- Understanding genomic instability is key to differentiating tumor aggressiveness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare genomic instability in thyroid and colorectal neoplasms.
- To correlate genomic alteration size with tumor behavior and prognosis.
Main Methods:
- Genomic instability assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (ISSR-PCR), fractional allelic loss (FAL) analysis, array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), and spectral karyotyping (SKY).
- Methods were applied in ascending order of detected event size.
Main Results:
- ISSR-PCR showed no difference in genomic instability index among thyroid carcinomas, colon carcinomas, and colon polyps.
- Fractional allelic loss rates were lower in thyroid cancers and colon polyps compared to colorectal cancers.
- Papillary thyroid carcinomas showed minimal large-scale genomic alterations, unlike anaplastic thyroid and colorectal carcinomas which displayed extensive chromosomal changes.
Conclusions:
- Papillary thyroid carcinomas exhibit smaller genomic alterations, similar to benign colon polyps.
- Aggressive tumor types, including anaplastic thyroid and colorectal carcinomas, are characterized by larger genomic events.
- The size of genomic alterations may dictate tumor aggressiveness and malignant phenotype.
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