Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Effectiveness01:28

Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Systematic review of bidirectional interaction between gut microbiome, miRNAs, and human pathologies.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026
Same author

Reducing culture underestimation in urine: flow cytometry-guided validation of low-dose DTT pre-treatment for biofilm dispersal.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

The Role of Laboratory Markers in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Clinical Review and a Case Report.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

Probiotics and Antibiotics: From Empirical Practice to a Biological Rationale for Targeted Choice During Antibiotic Therapy.

Microorganisms·2026
Same author

Preliminary comparative evaluation of an immunofluorescence point-of-care system and central laboratory platforms for measuring cardiac biomarkers.

Practical laboratory medicine·2026
Same author

The eye's coral reef: toward a planetary-health agenda for ocular-microbiome stewardship.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis
06:50

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis

Published on: January 7, 2019

[Propolis' antimicrobial activity: what's new?].

Elena De Vecchi1, Lorenzo Drago

  • 1Laboratorio Microbiologia, Dipartimento Scienze Precliniche LITA Vialba, Università di Milano, Italy.

Le Infezioni in Medicina
|May 23, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Propolis, a natural bee product, exhibits significant antimicrobial properties against respiratory pathogens. Its diverse therapeutic effects make it a promising natural option for treating upper respiratory tract infections.

Area of Science:

  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by bees from plant sources.
  • Its composition varies based on botanical origin and season, but typically includes resins, essential oils, flavonoids, and minerals.
  • Key bioactive compounds include flavonoids, terpenes, and phenolic acids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the antimicrobial properties of propolis.
  • To focus on its efficacy against respiratory pathogens.
  • To evaluate propolis as a therapeutic option for upper respiratory tract infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on propolis.
  • Analysis of propolis composition and identified bioactive constituents.

More Related Videos

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
07:33

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

Published on: July 6, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis
06:50

Extraction and Analysis of Taiwanese Green Propolis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs
07:33

Therapeutic Effectiveness of a Dietary Supplement for Management of Halitosis in Dogs

Published on: July 6, 2015

  • Examination of experimental and clinical evidence for antimicrobial and therapeutic activities.

    • Main Results:

    • Propolis demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
    • Specific compounds like flavonoids and phenolic acids contribute significantly to its biological effects.
    • Evidence supports its anti-inflammatory, healing, and antioxidant properties.

    Conclusions:

    • Propolis possesses significant antimicrobial properties, particularly against respiratory pathogens.
    • Its multifactorial activities, including anti-inflammatory and healing effects, support its therapeutic potential.
    • Propolis is a viable natural option for managing upper respiratory tract infections.