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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Exploring Infant Sensitivity to Visual Language using Eye Tracking and the Preferential Looking Paradigm
Published on: May 15, 2019
A new look at infant pointing
Michael Tomasello1, Malinda Carpenter, Ulf Liszkowski
1Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. tomas@eva.mpg.de
Insights
Infants
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Cognitive Science
- Linguistics
Background:
- Infant pointing is a crucial prelinguistic communication behavior.
- Understanding the intentionality behind infant gestures is key to cognitive development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a new theory of infant pointing based on multiple layers of intentionality.
- To present evidence supporting a rich interpretation of prelinguistic communication and infant social cognition.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical analysis of infant pointing behavior.
- Review of existing empirical evidence on infant communication and social skills.
Main Results:
- Infant pointing at 12 months involves influencing adult mental states.
- Pointing relies on uniquely human cooperative skills and shared intentionality.
Conclusions:
- Prelinguistic communication, specifically infant pointing, is deeply social and intentional.
- Early linguistic abilities are founded on this sophisticated prelinguistic communication platform.
Abstract:
The current article proposes a new theory of infant pointing involving multiple layers of intentionality and shared intentionality. In the context of this theory, evidence is presented for a rich interpretation of prelinguistic communication, that is, one that posits that when 12-month-old infants point for an adult they are in some sense trying to influence her mental states. Moreover, evidence is also presented for a deeply social view in which infant pointing is best understood--on many levels and in many ways--as depending on uniquely human skills and motivations for cooperation and shared intentionality (e.g., joint intentions and attention with others). Children's early linguistic skills are built on this already existing platform of prelinguistic communication.
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