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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Long-range Channelrhodopsin-assisted Circuit Mapping of Inferior Colliculus Neurons with Blue and Red-shifted Channelrhodopsins

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Published on: February 7, 2020

The long and arduous road to CRAC.

Monika Vig¹, Jean-Pierre Kinet

¹Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

|May 23, 2007

Summary

Store-operated calcium (SOC) entry, crucial for immune cells, involves calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels. Recent breakthroughs identified STIM1 and Orai1 as key molecular players in this calcium influx process.

Area of Science:

Cellular Biology
Immunology
Biophysics

Background:

Store-operated calcium (SOC) entry is a primary mechanism for calcium influx in non-excitable cells, particularly immune cells.
The calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) current, I(CRAC), is the most well-understood SOC current, mediated by CRAC channels.
Despite decades of research, the molecular identity of proteins involved in SOCE has been elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize key discoveries and recent breakthroughs in identifying the molecular components of store-operated calcium entry.
To highlight the identification of STIM1 and Orai1 as essential players in CRAC channel function.
To provide an overview of current research directions focused on understanding CRAC channel gating mechanisms.

Main Methods:

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Literature review and synthesis of published research findings.

Analysis of experimental evidence identifying molecular players in calcium signaling.

Focus on genetic and biochemical approaches used to uncover protein functions.

Main Results:

STIM1 has been identified as the critical sensor for calcium levels within intracellular stores.
CRACM1, also known as Orai1, has been confirmed as the pore-forming subunit of the CRAC channel.
Significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular machinery underlying store-operated calcium influx.

Conclusions:

The identification of STIM1 and Orai1 represents a major advancement in understanding store-operated calcium entry.
Future research is focused on deciphering the intricate gating mechanisms of CRAC channels.
This progress deepens our understanding of calcium signaling in cellular functions, especially in immune responses.