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Cryptic speciation in a model invertebrate chordate.

Luigi Caputi1, Nikos Andreakis, Francesco Mastrototaro

  • 1Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Service of Marine Resources for Research, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 23, 2007
PubMed
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Two cryptic species of the model organism Ciona intestinalis were discovered using DNA markers. These genetically distinct groups, C. intestinalis sp. A and sp. B, have implications for marine invertebrate research.

Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The ascidian Ciona intestinalis is a key model organism in chordate biology and genomics.
  • Current research assumes global populations represent a single species, impacting experimental design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the phylogeographic structure of Ciona intestinalis using independent species concepts.
  • To determine the taxonomic classification of Ciona intestinalis populations.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers.
  • Cross-breeding experiments to assess reproductive compatibility.
  • Anatomical comparisons for diagnostic features.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Two cryptic species, C. intestinalis sp. A and C. intestinalis sp. B, were identified.
  • C. intestinalis sp. A is genetically homogeneous and found in the Mediterranean, Northeast Atlantic, and Pacific.
  • C. intestinalis sp. B is geographically structured and present in the North Atlantic.
  • Hybrids between the two species are infertile due to defective gametogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The discovery of two cryptic species necessitates a re-evaluation of Ciona intestinalis taxonomy.
  • Development of tools for species discrimination in the field and lab is provided.
  • This finding opens avenues for studying speciation and adaptation in chordates with new genomic resources.