Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 14, 2026

08:26
Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
Published on: January 11, 2016
Pediatric upper extremity conditions: traumatic and congenital.
1Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA. Jkatarincic@lifespan.org
Medicine and Health, Rhode Island
|May 24, 2007
Summary
Physicians encounter diverse upper extremity conditions, both traumatic and congenital. Prompt diagnosis and timely referral are crucial for appropriate management, whether emergent or observational.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Traumatology
- Congenital Abnormalities
Background:
- Upper extremity conditions encompass a broad spectrum of diagnoses.
- These conditions can be either acquired through trauma or present from birth (congenital).
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis in managing upper extremity issues.
- To emphasize the necessity of timely medical referral for optimal patient outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of common upper extremity conditions.
- Classification based on etiology (traumatic vs. congenital) and urgency.
- Discussion of diagnostic considerations.
Main Results:
- A wide array of upper extremity pathologies exists.
- Conditions vary in their need for immediate intervention versus observation.
- Diagnostic accuracy directly impacts treatment pathways.
Conclusions:
- Effective management hinges on precise diagnosis of upper extremity conditions.
- Timely referral to appropriate specialists is essential for conditions requiring specific interventions.
- Understanding the spectrum of traumatic and congenital issues guides clinical decision-making.
Related Concept Videos
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs
The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna
The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...

