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Chitosan microchannel scaffolds for tendon tissue engineering characterized using optical coherence tomography.

P O Bagnaninchi1, Y Yang, N Zghoul

  • 1Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Stoke-On-Trent, United Kingdom.

Tissue Engineering
|May 24, 2007
PubMed
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This study developed a novel chitosan scaffold with microchannels for tendon tissue engineering. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) non-destructively monitored cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production, showing fluid flow enhances ECM significantly.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Tendon tissue engineering aims to create aligned collagen type I matrices for mechanical functionality.
  • In vitro tendon development requires monitoring cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) production.
  • Growth factors and mechanical stimuli influence engineered tendon development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate a porous chitosan scaffold with microchannels for tenocyte culture.
  • To assess cell proliferation and ECM production in real-time using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  • To investigate the impact of fluid flow on ECM formation in engineered tendons.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a porous chitosan scaffold with 250 µm microchannels.

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  • Culture of primary porcine tenocytes within the scaffold.
  • Non-destructive monitoring of cell proliferation and ECM production using OCT.
  • Development of a semi-quantitative method to assess microchannel occupation ratio.
  • Comparison of ECM production under static vs. perfusion bioreactor conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • The chitosan scaffold facilitated tenocyte proliferation in bundle-like structures.
    • OCT successfully assessed cell proliferation and ECM production within microchannels.
    • A perfusion bioreactor significantly increased ECM production compared to static culture (p < 1e-3).
    • The microchannel occupation ratio correlated with cell proliferation and tissue turnover.

    Conclusions:

    • A guiding scaffold combined with OCT enables non-destructive monitoring of engineered tendon microstructure.
    • Fluid flow in a perfusion bioreactor significantly enhances ECM production in tenocyte cultures.
    • This approach allows for the discrimination of parameters affecting ECM production and organization in tendon tissue engineering.