Sequence analysis of the Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins family, new putative peptides and structural...

The Receptor Activity-Modifying Proteins (RAMP) is a family constituted by a single N-terminal extracellular domain and a transmembrane region ending in a short cytoplasmic region. Due to their specific role in modulating the specificity of ligand binding in many class II G-Protein Coupled Receptors, these proteins are awaiting further characterization and elucidation of their structure. This was the aim of this study. We were able to find 13 new RAMP sequences including new protein sequences and predicted peptides from Expressed Sequence Tags and genomic DNA, all of them annotated in databases such as GeneBank, EMBL, Swissprot and ENSEMBL. The predicted peptides came from an array of different organisms including Teleostei and Elasmobranchii species, of which the latter was the most ancient RAMP sequence found. It was also possible to efficiently predict the 1D structure of the extracellular RAMP domain and its 3D conformation was inferred through a combination of bioinformatic approaches such as threading. The 1D structure of the extracellular RAMP domain was predicted as three alpha-helix domain. The most highly conserved residues in the RAMP family were found to be involved in critical functions. Bioinformatic data mining and multiple sequence alignment analysis were crucial for improving the characterization of RAMP proteins and prediction of their 1D and 3D configurations.