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Related Concept Videos

Leishmaniasis01:30

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
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T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

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Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host
09:53

In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host

Published on: July 27, 2010

Atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis cases display elevated antigen-induced interleukin-10.

B Rodriguez1, R Beatty, A Belli

  • 1Departamento de Parasitología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministerio de Salud, Managua, Nicaragua.

Parasite Immunology
|May 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) involves a robust IL-10 immune response. This study found that active ACL cases show suppressed cytokine production, suggesting partial immunosuppression in Leishmania infections.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host
09:53

In vivo Imaging of Transgenic Leishmania Parasites in a Live Host

Published on: July 27, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Leishmania chagasi causes subclinical, atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL), and potentially fatal visceral leishmaniasis.
  • Genetic similarity of L. chagasi strains suggests host immune response dictates infection outcome.
  • Understanding the immunologic profile in ACL is crucial for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the immunologic response in atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL).
  • To investigate cytokine production (IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-2) and serum IgE levels in ACL patients.
  • To compare immune responses between active ACL, asymptomatic cases, and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 37 subjects (active ACL, asymptomatic, controls) were stimulated.
  • Cytokine production (IL-10, IFN-gamma, IL-2) in PBMC supernatants was analyzed.
  • Serum IgE levels were measured using ELISA; mitogen-induced cytokine responses were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Active ACL cases exhibited robust IL-10 production upon Leishmania stimulation.
  • Asymptomatic cases and controls showed significantly lower IL-10 levels.
  • ACL cases displayed diminished cytokine responses to mitogen, indicating partial immunosuppression.

Conclusions:

  • The immune response in ACL is characterized by high IL-10 production.
  • Partial immunosuppression is associated with active atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis.
  • IL-10 may play a significant role in the immunopathogenesis of ACL.