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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Epidermis01:24

Cells of the Epidermis

The epidermis is made of four or five layers of epithelial cells, depending on its location in the body. From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
The cells in all these layers except the stratum basale are called keratinocytes, a type of cell that manufactures and stores the protein keratin. The keratinocytes in the stratum corneum are dead and regularly slough away, being replaced by cells from...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles01:16

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Hair and Hair Follicles

Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
Hair is a keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis. It is primarily made of dead, keratinized cells. Hair strands originate at the epidermal penetration called the hair follicle. The hair shaft is the part...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
06:15

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Incidental granular parakeratotic cornification in carcinomas.

Kenneth S Resnik1, Mario DiLeonardo

  • 1Institute for Dermatopathology in Conshohocken, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, USA. kresnik@ameripath.com

The American Journal of Dermatopathology
|May 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Granular parakeratosis, characterized by specific cells in the skin, can be an incidental finding in various conditions. This study highlights its presence in carcinomas and introduces granular orthokeratotic cornification.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
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Published on: August 9, 2024

Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition
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Combining Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Optical Coherence Tomography for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Skin Cancers via Image Acquisition

Published on: August 18, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Dermatopathology
  • Histopathology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Granular parakeratosis is a histopathologic finding defined by parakeratotic corneocytes containing keratohyaline granules.
  • It can be a diagnostic feature of specific dermatoses, a characteristic of solitary keratoses, or an incidental finding.
  • Previous reports have documented granular parakeratosis incidentally in various dermatoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To expand the understanding of granular parakeratosis as an incidental histopathologic feature.
  • To report the occurrence of granular parakeratosis in carcinomas.
  • To describe the phenomenon of granular orthokeratotic cornification.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathologic examination of skin biopsy specimens.
  • Analysis of cases demonstrating granular parakeratosis.
  • Identification and characterization of granular orthokeratotic cornification.

Main Results:

  • Granular parakeratosis was identified as an incidental histopathologic feature in carcinomas.
  • The study presents cases expanding the known associations of granular parakeratosis.
  • The phenomenon of retained keratohyaline granules within corneocytes without a nucleus (granular orthokeratotic cornification) was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Granular parakeratosis can be an incidental histopathologic finding in carcinomas, broadening its diagnostic context.
  • The observation of granular orthokeratotic cornification adds to the spectrum of keratinization abnormalities.
  • Further research may elucidate the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of these findings.