Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 24, 2026
08:53
Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke
Published on: June 6, 2025
1.9K
[Cognitive impairment after stroke--diagnosis and management]
Torgeir Engstad1, Matti Viitanen, Ove Almkvist
1Geriatrisk avdeling, Universitetssykehuset Nord-Norge, 9038 Tromsø. torgeir.a.engstad@unn.no
Summary
Cognitive impairment after stroke is common and depends on brain damage location. Early diagnosis and interventions like physical training and cognitive stimulation are key for managing this condition.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Neuropsychology
Background:
- Stroke frequently leads to cognitive impairment, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
- Understanding post-stroke cognitive deficits is crucial for patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated review on cognitive impairment following stroke.
- To highlight diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with post-stroke cognitive impairment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review using Medline database.
- Keywords included: "cognitive impairment and stroke," "dementia and stroke," "vascular dementia," and "vascular cognitive impairment."
Main Results:
- Cognitive impairment post-stroke varies with lesion location and size.
- Affected domains include executive functions, attention, and psychomotor abilities, often linked to frontal subcortical areas.
- Neuropsychological tests like verbal fluency, digit span, and finger-tapping assess these functions; Mini Mental State Examination offers limited diagnostic value.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive impairment classification should consider neuropsychological profiles and neuroanatomical damage.
- Secondary stroke prevention targeting vascular risk factors is essential.
- Non-pharmaceutical interventions like physical, cognitive, and social stimulation may hold significant therapeutic potential.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management
506
Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...
506
01:30Cognitive Development During Adulthood
973
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
973
01:30Dementia
605
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
605
01:26Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
1.9K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
1.9K
01:27Language and Cognition
873
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
873
01:30Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists
718
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
718