Statins disrupt CCR5 and RANTES expression levels in CD4(+) T lymphocytes in vitro and preferentially decrease
Alexey A Nabatov1, Georgios Pollakis, Thomas Linnemann
1Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Plos One
|May 24, 2007
Summary
Statins reduce human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection by lowering CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) expression on CD4(+) lymphocytes. This effect preferentially inhibits R5 HIV-1 strains, suggesting statins
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Statins are known to inhibit in vitro human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection.
- Mechanisms include modulation of Rho GTPase activity, lipid raft formation, and disruption of LFA-1 incorporation into viral particles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effect of statins on CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) expression in CD4(+) lymphocytes.
- To determine the impact of statin-induced CCR5 modulation on HIV-1 infection.
Main Methods:
- Treatment of CD4(+) lymphocytes with lovastatin, mevastatin, and simvastatin.
- Measurement of cell surface and mRNA expression of CCR5 and RANTES.
- Assessment of HIV-1 (R5 and X4 strains) infection in treated and untreated cells.
Main Results:
- Statins significantly reduced CCR5 expression and mRNA levels in CD4(+) lymphocytes.
- RANTES expression showed a slight increase with statin treatment.
- Statin treatment reduced infection by both R5 and X4 HIV-1 strains, with a preferential inhibition of R5 strains when statins were removed.
Conclusions:
- Modulation of CCR5 and RANTES by statins contributes to their anti-HIV-1 activity, particularly against R5 viruses.
- Statins may be effective in early HIV-1 infection stages or for reducing viral transmission due to their antiviral and immunomodulatory effects.
- Statin treatment could be explored for modulating immune responses, such as in vaccination protocols.


