Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...

Psychological Responses to Stress

Psychological Responses to Stress

Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding

Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...

Stress: General Loading Conditions

Stress: General Loading Conditions

To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes.

Components of Stress

Components of Stress

Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and opposite to those on the...

Stress Concentrations

Stress Concentrations

Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller width...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Application of in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) to inform chemical health guidance value derivation-sample case studies comparing neuro-, hepato-, and developmental toxicities.

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology·2026

Same author

Screening Level Estimation of Chemical Mixtures Toxicity Using In Silico Models: A JP-5 Case Study for Environmental Incidents.

Environmental science & technology·2026

Same author

Quantum chemically calculated Abraham parameters for quantifying and predicting polymer hydrophobicity.

Environmental toxicology and chemistry·2025

Same author

Incorporating a weight-of-evidence approach into a tiered assessment for chemicals management, with emphasis on program development and applications in developing countries and emerging economies.

Integrated environmental assessment and management·2024

Same author

Advancing the weight of evidence approach to enable chemical environmental risk assessment for decision-making and achieving protection goals.

Integrated environmental assessment and management·2023

Same author

Principles and Procedures for Assessment of Acute Toxicity Incorporating <i>In Silico</i> Methods.

Computational toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

A phased approach for assessing combined effects from multiple stressors.

Charles A Menzie¹, Margaret M MacDonell, Moiz Mumtaz

¹Exponent, Inc., Winchester, Massachusetts 01890, USA. camenzie@exponent.com

Environmental Health Perspectives

|May 24, 2007

Summary

This study introduces a phased approach to assess combined environmental stressors. It provides tools for evaluating risks from multiple physical, biological, chemical, and psychosocial factors, aiding community and ecological risk assessment.

More Related Videos

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Watershed Planning within a Quantitative Scenario Analysis Framework

Published on: July 24, 2016

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

Published on: April 28, 2023

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Risk Assessment
Toxicology

Background:

Assessing combined effects of multiple stressors is complex.
Existing risk-based approaches lack explicit methods for combined stressor evaluation.
Understanding combined stressor impacts is crucial for ecological and community health.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel phased approach for evaluating combined stressors.
To outline methods for assessing physical, biological, chemical, and psychosocial stressor interactions.
To provide tools for communicating complex risk assessment results to diverse stakeholders.

Main Methods:

Development of conceptual models and assessment endpoints.
A screening stage to evaluate individual and combined stressor importance.
Consideration of stressor interactions and distinction between effects-based and stressor-based applications.

Main Results:

A structured, phased methodology for multiple stressor assessment.
Identification of tools applicable for evaluating combined stressor effects.
Emphasis on methods yielding communicable results for broad audiences.

Conclusions:

The phased approach offers a systematic framework for complex stressor evaluations.
Effective communication of results is vital for addressing multi-stressor issues involving multiple stakeholders.
This approach enhances the assessment of risks in ecological regions and communities.