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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
Published on: August 17, 2022
Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in neurosurgery
S K Yrjänä1, J Tuominen, J Koivukangas
1Department of Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. sanna.yrjana@oulu.fi
Abstract:
Intraoperatively magnetic resonance (MR)-guided neurosurgical operations have been done since 1996, mostly for brain tumors. Several different concepts for intraoperative MRI procedures using low-, middle-, and high-field MR scanners have been reported from pioneering neurosurgical centers. In this article, we present the different solutions used in these centers from a practical point of view. More thoroughly, we present our own concept and experience of 160 craniotomies since 1999 in an operation theater equipped with a low-field (0.23T) scanner, which can be turned on and off during surgery.
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