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Accessory breasts: a historical and current perspective.

Marios Loukas1, Pamela Clarke, R Shane Tubbs

  • 1Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, School of Medicine, True Blue Campus, Grenada, West Indies.

The American Surgeon
|May 25, 2007
PubMed
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Accessory breast tissue, including extra nipples (polythelia) and extra breasts (polymastia), is common but often misdiagnosed. This review covers their history, incidence, misdiagnosis, associated conditions, and current treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Embryology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Accessory breast tissue, such as polythelia (extra nipples) and polymastia (extra breasts), represents a common congenital anomaly.
  • While polythelia is typically identified in childhood, polymastia may manifest later during puberty due to hormonal influences.

Observation:

  • Accessory breast tissue is frequently misdiagnosed in clinical settings, leading to potential complications.
  • The review examines the historical context, prevalence, and diagnostic challenges associated with these conditions.

Findings:

  • The article synthesizes existing literature on the incidence and etiology of accessory breast tissue.
  • It highlights the association of polythelia and polymastia with various syndromes and diseases, underscoring the importance of accurate diagnosis.

Related Experiment Videos

Implications:

  • Accurate identification and diagnosis of accessory breast tissue are crucial for appropriate clinical management.
  • Understanding the spectrum of associated conditions can guide further medical evaluation and treatment strategies.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing patients with accessory breast tissue.