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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Engineering Skeletal Muscle Tissues from Murine Myoblast Progenitor Cells and Application of Electrical Stimulation

Engineering Skeletal Muscle Tissues from Murine Myoblast Progenitor Cells and Application of Electrical Stimulation

Published on: March 19, 2013

Cattle cloned from increasingly differentiated muscle cells.

A L Green¹, D N Wells, B Oback

¹Ruakura Research Centre, Reproductive Technologies, AgResearch Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand.

Biology of Reproduction

|May 25, 2007

Summary

Nuclear transfer (NT) cloning efficiency in mammals is not solely dependent on donor cell differentiation. While differentiation impacts early embryo development, it does not affect pregnancy rates or offspring development to weaning in bovine cloning.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Developmental Biology
Cell Differentiation

Background:

Mammalian nuclear transfer (NT) cloning efficiency is hypothesized to be inversely related to donor cell differentiation.
Understanding the impact of donor cell characteristics on cloning success is crucial for improving assisted reproductive technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between donor cell differentiation status and nuclear transfer cloning efficiency in cattle.
To compare the developmental potential of bovine embryos derived from myogenic precursors (MPCs), myotubes (MTs), and muscle-derived fibroblasts (MFs).

Main Methods:

Bovine male fetal muscle cells were cultured and differentiated in vitro for 1-6 days.
Immunofluorescence microscopy quantified myogenic antigen expression to classify donor cells (MPCs, MTs, MFs).
RT-PCR analyzed gene expression in donor cells, oocytes, and reconstructed embryos up to the blastocyst stage.

Main Results:

Donor cell differentiation status significantly affected the development of transferable embryos, with MFs showing higher rates.
Muscle-specific genes were silenced in NT embryos, with only housekeeping genes consistently expressed up to the blastocyst stage.
No significant differences were observed in pregnancy rates or offspring development to weaning among the different donor cell types.

Conclusions:

While donor cell differentiation influences early embryonic development post-NT, it does not appear to be a limiting factor for successful pregnancy and offspring development to weaning in cattle.
This study suggests that factors beyond the differentiation status of the donor cell, such as oocyte quality and reprogramming efficiency, may play a more critical role in overall NT success.