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Assessment of the Mouth

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.

Salivary Glands and Saliva

Salivary Glands and Saliva

The salivary glands, of which there are three pairs known as the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands, play a crucial role in maintaining oral health and initiating the digestive process. Positioned near the ears, beneath the masseter muscle, the parotid glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity through the parotid duct of Stensen. Meanwhile, the submandibular glands, located on the floor of the mouth, secrete saliva through channels named submandibular ducts. The sublingual glands,...

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Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Sucralfate as Mucosal Protective Agents

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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction

Published on: April 24, 2016

Mucosal secretion changes during radiotherapy in the oral cavity.

Luaay Aziz¹, Anders Ebenfelt

¹Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45, Göteborg, Sweden.

Clinical Oral Investigations

|May 25, 2007

Summary

Oral mucositis, a painful side effect of head and neck cancer radiation therapy, may be linked to increased granulocytes in mucosal secretions. These cells, however, showed no signs of phagocytosis in patients who developed mucositis.

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Murine Salivary Functional Assessment via Pilocarpine Stimulation Following Fractionated Radiation

Murine Salivary Functional Assessment via Pilocarpine Stimulation Following Fractionated Radiation

Published on: May 4, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction

Retroductal Submandibular Gland Instillation and Localized Fractionated Irradiation in a Rat Model of Salivary Hypofunction

Published on: April 24, 2016

Murine Salivary Functional Assessment via Pilocarpine Stimulation Following Fractionated Radiation

Murine Salivary Functional Assessment via Pilocarpine Stimulation Following Fractionated Radiation

Published on: May 4, 2018

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Oral Medicine

Background:

Oral mucositis is a debilitating complication of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
It causes significant pain, discomfort, and can necessitate treatment interruption or hospitalization.
The exact mechanisms driving mucositis development remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the pathogenesis of oral mucositis during radiation therapy.
To analyze the cellular composition and function in mucosal secretions of patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Main Methods:

An imprint technique was used to collect mucosal secretions from ten head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Cellular composition and function within the secretions were examined.

Main Results:

In eight out of ten patients, an increase in granulocytes was observed in mucosal secretions after two weeks of radiation therapy.
Despite increased numbers, these granulocytes did not exhibit phagocytic activity.
All ten patients developed oral mucositis.

Conclusions:

The study suggests a potential role for granulocytes in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced oral mucositis.
Elevated granulocyte levels in secretions, without phagocytosis, may contribute to mucositis development.