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Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level
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Effects of ecdysteroid agonist RH-2485 reveal interactions between ecdysteroids and juvenile hormones in the

Matilde Eizaguirre1, Carmen López, Christa Schafellner

  • 1Centre R&D de Lleida (Udl-IRTA), Lleida, Spain.

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Summary

Short day conditions induce diapause in Sesamia nonagrioides larvae. RH-2485 application disrupts endocrine regulation, promoting metamorphosis or larval molts, and can be lethal at higher doses.

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Area of Science:

  • Entomology
  • Insect Endocrinology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Larval development in Sesamia nonagrioides is modulated by photoperiod, with long days (LD) promoting pupation and short days (SD) inducing diapause.
  • Juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroids are key regulators of insect metamorphosis and larval molting, with distinct titer patterns observed under LD and SD conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of the insect growth regulator RH-2485 on the endocrine regulation of larval development and diapause in Sesamia nonagrioides.
  • To determine how RH-2485 influences juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid titers and subsequent developmental outcomes under different photoperiodic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Larvae of Sesamia nonagrioides were reared under long day (LD) and short day (SD) conditions.
  • RH-2485 was applied to the diet of 6th instar larvae at varying concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 5 ppm).
  • Hormonal titers (JH and ecdysteroids) and developmental events (molting, pupation, mortality) were monitored.

Main Results:

  • Low-dose RH-2485 (0.2 ppm) induced metamorphic hormonal changes in LD larvae and accelerated molting in SD larvae.
  • Higher doses (0.5 and 1 ppm) reverted endocrine patterns to those of early larval instars, causing JH titer increases and subsequent larval molts in both LD and SD larvae.
  • High doses (1 and 5 ppm) led to mortality, with some insects dying after depositing two cuticles within a single apolysis.

Conclusions:

  • RH-2485 significantly impacts the endocrine regulation of Sesamia nonagrioides larval development, overriding photoperiodic cues.
  • The compound can either promote metamorphosis or induce further larval molts depending on the dose, suggesting a complex interaction with the hormonal control of development.
  • RH-2485 exhibits a dose-dependent toxicity, highlighting potential applications and risks in pest management.