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Related Concept Videos

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds
02:49

A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds

Published on: February 23, 2024

Skin changes following minor trauma.

Lise Lyngsnes Randeberg1, Andreas M Winnem, Neil E Langlois

  • 1Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Lise.Randeberg@iet.ntnu.no

Lasers in Surgery and Medicine
|May 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Understanding bruise development is crucial for aging injuries. This study used a porcine model to analyze how impact type affects bruise formation and skin responses, finding high-speed impacts cause rapid bruising.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds
02:49

A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds

Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Forensic science
  • Dermatology
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Bruise evaluation relies on visual inspection, with limited understanding of early injury phases.
  • Accurate aging of bruises requires precise description of their temporal development.
  • Hemoglobin breakdown products dictate bruise color, influenced by trauma severity and immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accurately describe the temporal development of fresh injuries.
  • To investigate the relationship between impact characteristics and bruise formation.
  • To establish a reliable method for aging bruises.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled blunt and high-speed (paintball) trauma induced in anesthetized pigs.
  • Projectile velocity recorded using high-speed cameras.
  • Biopsies and reflectance spectra (400-850 nm) collected from injured and normal skin.

Main Results:

  • Injury development strongly correlated with object weight and speed.
  • High-speed impacts resulted in rapid bruising within 15-20 minutes.
  • White blood cells (neutrophilic granulocytes) present in high-speed injury biopsies, varying with time.

Conclusions:

  • Controlled experiments in a porcine model show promise for classifying traumatic injuries.
  • Reflectance spectroscopy is effective for studying immediate skin reactions to trauma.
  • Further research with varied impact parameters is needed for comprehensive injury classification.