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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

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Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
08:33

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

Published on: December 11, 2016

Reference intervals for serum creatine kinase in athletes.

Vassilis Mougios1

  • 1TEFAA, University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece. mougios@phed.auth.gr

British Journal of Sports Medicine
|May 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Serum creatine kinase (CK) reference intervals are significantly higher in athletes than in the general population. Establishing sport-specific CK ranges is crucial for accurate interpretation of muscle damage markers in athletes.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Serum creatine kinase (CK) is a widely used biomarker for skeletal muscle damage in sports and exercise.
  • Existing CK reference intervals are typically based on non-athlete populations, making them unsuitable for athletes.
  • Athletes exhibit inherently higher serum CK levels compared to sedentary individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish specific reference intervals for serum creatine kinase (CK) in athletic populations.
  • To address the limitations of using non-athlete CK values for assessing muscle damage in athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Serum CK levels were measured in a large cohort of male (n=483) and female (n=245) athletes aged 7-44.
  • Samples were collected during regular training and competition periods.

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  • Non-parametric methods were used to calculate reference intervals (2.5th to 97.5th percentile), with comparisons to non-athlete data.

    • Main Results:

    • Established reference intervals for male athletes: 82-1083 U/L and for female athletes: 47-513 U/L.
    • Upper reference limits in athletes were found to be 2x higher than moderately active non-athletes and up to 6x higher than inactive individuals.
    • Significant variation observed within athletes, with male football players showing a threefold higher upper limit (1492 U/L) compared to swimmers (523 U/L).

    Conclusions:

    • Intensive sport training and competition significantly impact serum CK reference intervals.
    • The development and application of sport-specific CK reference intervals are essential for accurate interpretation.
    • Sport-specific CK ranges can aid in optimizing training programs and preventing misinterpretation of elevated CK levels.