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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
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Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

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The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
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The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
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Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
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Functional and Physiological Methods of Evaluating Median Nerve Regeneration in the Rat
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Published on: April 18, 2020

Innervation pattern of the pronator teres muscle.

Selman M Demirci1, Mehmet Alp, Tania Marur

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty of Cerrahpasa, University of Istanbul, Fatih 34098, Istanbul, Turkey. selmand@istanbul.edu.tr

Saudi Medical Journal
|May 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Innervation patterns of the pronator teres muscle (PTM) vary, with most cases showing a classical median nerve supply. Understanding these variations is crucial for successful PTM muscle transfer procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy
  • Neuroscience
  • Surgical Anatomy

Background:

  • The pronator teres muscle (PTM) is frequently utilized as a donor muscle in various reconstructive surgeries.
  • Accurate knowledge of its innervation is vital for successful muscle transfer and to avoid iatrogenic damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the detailed innervation patterns of the pronator teres muscle (PTM).
  • To identify variations in PTM innervation that may impact its use in muscle transfer procedures.

Main Methods:

  • Dissection of 34 upper extremities from 17 adult cadavers.
  • Detailed examination of the innervation of the pronator teres muscle (PTM) and its branches.

Main Results:

  • The classical innervation pattern by the median nerve was observed in 55.9% of cases.
  • Variations included single, triple (2 humeral, 1 ulnar), and quadruple (3 humeral, 1 ulnar) nerve branches innervating the PTM.
  • Separate innervation of the humeral and ulnar heads of the PTM was consistently noted.

Conclusions:

  • Significant variations exist in the innervation of the pronator teres muscle (PTM).
  • These anatomical variations have critical implications for surgical planning and execution of PTM muscle transfer.
  • Awareness of these patterns is essential for surgeons to optimize outcomes and prevent complications.