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Related Concept Videos

Coronavirus01:29

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels01:09

Multi-pass Transmembrane Proteins and β-barrels

In multi-pass transmembrane proteins, the polypeptide chain crosses the membrane more than once. The transmembrane polypeptide chain either forms an α-helix or β-strand structure. α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins are ubiquitous, whereas β-strand containing ones are mainly found in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
α-Helix containing multi-pass transmembrane proteins
Multi-pass transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-linked receptors (GPCRs) and...
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy
08:07

Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy

Published on: January 12, 2024

Coronavirus envelope protein: a small membrane protein with multiple functions.

D X Liu1, Q Yuan, Y Liao

  • 1Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. dxliu@imcb.a-star.edu.sg

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|May 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The coronavirus envelope protein, a minor viral component, is crucial for virus assembly and host cell interactions. Recent research clarifies its biochemical traits, membrane structure, and diverse functions.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Profiling of Surface Protein Epitopes on Viral Particles by Multiplex Dual-Reporter Strategy
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Published on: January 12, 2024

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
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Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • The coronavirus envelope protein (E protein) is a small, integral membrane protein.
  • It is a minor component of coronavirus particles but plays critical roles in the viral life cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the coronavirus E protein.
  • To summarize its biochemical properties, membrane topology, and functional significance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on coronavirus E protein.
  • Analysis of biochemical and biophysical characterization data.
  • Examination of studies on membrane topology and function.

Main Results:

  • The E protein is essential for virion assembly and morphogenesis.
  • It significantly alters the membrane permeability of host cells.
  • The E protein mediates critical virus-host cell interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The coronavirus E protein's biochemical properties and membrane topology are key to its functions.
  • Further characterization is vital for understanding viral pathogenesis and developing antivirals.