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RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

RNA Splicing

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Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

Discovery and analysis of evolutionarily conserved intronic splicing regulatory elements.

Gene W Yeo¹, Eric L Van Nostrand, Eric L Van Nostrand

¹Crick-Jacobs Center for Theoretical and Computational Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America. geneyeo@salk.edu

|May 29, 2007

Summary

Researchers identified 314 conserved intronic splicing regulatory elements (ISREs) that significantly impact alternative splicing. These elements are crucial for understanding gene regulation and associated biological functions.

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Molecular Biology
Bioinformatics

Background:

Understanding cis-regulatory elements is vital for gene regulation.
Alternative splicing significantly impacts biological functions and disease.
Conserved intronic splicing regulatory elements (ISREs) play a key role.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify conserved intronic splicing regulatory elements (ISREs) across mammalian genomes.
To investigate the functional impact of ISREs on pre-mRNA splicing.
To explore the role of ISREs in alternative splicing and gene regulation.

Main Methods:

Genome-wide comparative genomics approach.
Identification and characterization of conserved ISREs.
Experimental validation of ISRE function using splice site assays in human cells.

Main Results:

Identified 314 conserved ISREs.
Demonstrated significant alteration of 5' (84%) and 3' (94%) splice site choice by ISREs.
Found ISREs enriched near alternatively spliced exons and implicated in auto-regulation of splicing factors.

Conclusions:

ISREs are critical for both general and tissue-specific alternative splicing regulation.
ISREs influence gene expression patterns and molecular functions.
ISREs provide insights into splicing factor auto-regulation and RNA binding site association.