Purification of guar gum for biological applications

Commercial guar gum (GG) was purified by four different methods and characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis and the determination of monosaccharides composition, protein and copper content, turbidity, intrinsic viscosity and rheological parameters. The first method was based on enzymatic hydrolysis with porcine pancreatin. In the second method successive gum dissolution, centrifugation and precipitation with acetone and ethanol were carried out. Precipitation with Fehling solution was employed in the third method. In the fourth method, the gum was purified by method 2 and then by method 3. All methods led to a reduction in protein content, arabinose and glucose residues, considered as sugar contaminants, and also in intrinsic viscosity and molar mass. Total elimination of protein was only achieved by method 4. Using methods 3 and 4, the gum was contaminated with small amounts of Cu(II) from the Fehling solution. Methods 2 and 4 apparently provided purer guar gum. If the amount of protein is a crucial parameter in the biological application and the guar will be taken in low amounts, method 4 is recommended. Taking into account the purity, thermal stability, rheological parameters of the purified gum and also the cost and simplicity of the procedure, method 2 has wider biological application.