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Related Experiment Videos

Autism: the first firm finding = underconnectivity?

John R Hughes1

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, 912 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. jhughes@uic.edu

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|May 29, 2007
PubMed
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Autistic children show underconnectivity, evidenced by reduced corticocortical fibers and aberrant white matter myelination. This neurodevelopmental finding suggests potential underlying causes for autism spectrum disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Autism Research

Background:

  • Electroencephalographic studies in 2005 indicated a high prevalence of seizures and epileptiform discharges in autistic children.
  • These findings suggested a potential deficiency in corticocortical fibers, a key aspect of brain connectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
  • To investigate the role of brain underconnectivity in the etiology of ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of electroencephalography (EEG) studies.
  • Analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) data.
  • Inclusion of findings from positron emission tomography (PET) scans and magnetoencephalography (MEG).

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Main Results:

  • Consistent evidence of underconnectivity in individuals with ASD.
  • Specific findings include thinning of the corpus callosum and reduced connectivity, particularly in frontal and fusiform face areas.
  • Early white matter overgrowth followed by arrested growth contributes to aberrant connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Underconnectivity is a significant neurobiological finding in autism spectrum disorder.
  • Aberrant white matter myelination is likely implicated in the etiology of ASD.
  • Further research into corticocortical fiber development and connectivity is warranted.