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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
Published on: November 10, 2021
TGF-beta in renal injury and disease
1Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. Erwin.Bottinger@mssm.edu
Abstract:
Chronic progressive kidney diseases typically are characterized by loss of differentiated epithelial cells and activation of mesenchymal cell populations leading to renal fibrosis in response to a broad range of diverse renal injuries. Recent evidence has indicated that epithelial microinjury leads to unbalanced epithelial-mesenchymal communication to initiate the fibrotic response. Transforming growth factors beta constitute a large family of cytokines that control key cellular responses in development and tissue repair. Activation of autocrine and paracrine transforming growth factor-beta signaling cascades in the context of epithelial microinjuries initiate a variety of cell type-dependent signaling and activity profiles, including epithelial apoptosis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, that trigger fibrogenic foci and initiate progressive fibrogenesis in chronic renal injury.
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