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Related Concept Videos

Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Mouse Models of Cancer Study02:43

Mouse Models of Cancer Study

Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...

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Genetic resistance to smallpox: lessons from mousepox.

Gunasegaran Karupiah1, Vijay Panchanathan, Isaac G Sakala

  • 1Infection and Immunity Group, Division of Immunology and Genetics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, PO Box 334, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.

Novartis Foundation Symposium
|May 31, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Understanding smallpox immunity is crucial due to eradication success and potential variola virus release. This study investigates host resistance factors and viral immune evasion strategies using an ectromelia virus mouse model.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Smallpox, a eradicated disease, remains a concern due to potential variola virus release.
  • Understanding host resistance and immune parameters for smallpox recovery is vital.
  • Animal models, specifically ectromelia virus in mice, are used to study poxvirus infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis of host resistance to poxvirus infection.
  • To understand the role of viral immune evasion strategies in disease severity.
  • To analyze the impact of a specific virus-encoded immune modifier on host resistance loci.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a well-established mouse model for ectromelia virus infection.
  • Employing defined resistant and susceptible mouse strains.
  • Identifying and analyzing genetic loci associated with poxvirus resistance.
  • Investigating virus-encoded immune modifiers and their effects on host immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Four genetic loci influencing resistance to poxvirus infection have been identified.
  • Virus-encoded immune evasion strategies significantly impact disease severity.
  • Data presented on a specific viral immune modifier affecting host resistance loci functions.

Conclusions:

  • Host and viral genetic factors interplay to dictate the outcome of poxvirus infections.
  • Further research into viral immune modifiers is necessary to understand protective immunity.
  • The ectromelia virus mouse model provides valuable insights into smallpox pathogenesis and host defense mechanisms.