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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

Castleman disease.

Anu Dham¹, Bruce A Peterson

¹Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minneapolis, USA.

Current Opinion in Hematology

|May 31, 2007

Summary

Castleman disease, a rare lymph node disorder, is being better understood. New therapies targeting interleukin-6 and CD20-positive B lymphocytes show promise for improved patient management.

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Immunology

Background:

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder with diverse clinical presentations.
Historically viewed as a benign condition, CD is now recognized as a heterogeneous group of diseases with complex pathogenesis.
Current treatment strategies, often adapted from non-Hodgkin lymphoma protocols, are not consistently effective.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding the biological basis of Castleman disease.
To explore novel therapeutic targets and emerging treatment strategies for CD.
To discuss the implications of new biological insights for disease management.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on Castleman disease pathogenesis and treatment.

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Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome

Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome

Published on: March 23, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome

Fingerprinting Cardiolipin in Leukocytes by Mass Spectrometry for a Rapid Diagnosis of Barth Syndrome

Published on: March 23, 2022

Analysis of the role of key molecular pathways, including interleukin-6 and CD20.

Evaluation of emerging targeted therapies such as monoclonal antibodies.

Main Results:

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a critical role in CD perpetuation, making IL-6 receptor blockade a viable therapeutic strategy.
Tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, has shown efficacy in treating certain forms of CD.
Rituximab, targeting CD20-positive B cells, is another promising agent, particularly for B-cell-associated CD.
Human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) and angiogenesis represent additional pathways that may offer future therapeutic opportunities.

Conclusions:

Recent understanding of CD's molecular underpinnings has led to targeted treatment approaches.
New agents like tocilizumab and rituximab are beginning to impact CD management.
Further research is needed to establish the long-term role of these therapies and to identify additional innovative treatment targets as CD complexity is further elucidated.