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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Orbitals02:44

Atomic Orbitals

An atomic orbital represents the three-dimensional regions in an atom where an electron has the highest probability to reside. The radial distribution function indicates the total probability of finding an electron within the thin shell at a distance r from the nucleus. The atomic orbitals have distinct shapes which are determined by l, the angular momentum quantum number. The orbitals are often drawn with a boundary surface, enclosing densest regions of the cloud.
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

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sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomization Methods

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) atomizes samples through flame atomization or electrothermal atomization. Flame atomization typically involves a nebulizer and spray chamber assembly to combine the sample with a fuel–oxidant mixture, creating a fine aerosol mist that enters a burner. Typically, the fuel and oxidant are combined in an approximately stoichiometric ratio. However, for atoms that are easily oxidized, a fuel-rich mixture may be more advantageous. Only about 5% of the aerosol...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

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The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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Multiconfigurational quantum chemical methods for molecular systems containing actinides.

Laura Gagliardi1, Björn O Roos

  • 1Department of Physical Chemistry, Sciences II University of Geneva 30, Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Laura.Gagliardi@chiphy.unige.ch

Chemical Society Reviews
|May 31, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Computational actinide chemistry advances are reviewed, focusing on quantum methods for gas-phase and solution studies of actinide molecules. The review highlights multiple bonding in diuranium and related compounds.

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Area of Science:

  • Actinide chemistry
  • Computational chemistry
  • Quantum chemistry

Background:

  • Actinide chemistry presents unique challenges due to complex electronic structures.
  • Computational methods are crucial for understanding actinide behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in computational actinide chemistry.
  • To highlight the application of quantum chemical methods in studying actinide compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Multiconfigurational quantum chemical methods.
  • Gas-phase spectroscopy of small actinide molecules.
  • Studies of actinide compounds in solution.

Main Results:

  • Detailed analysis of gas-phase actinide molecule spectroscopy.
  • Examples of actinide compounds investigated in solution.
  • Description of multiple bonding in diuranium and diactinide compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Computational quantum chemistry provides powerful insights into actinide properties.
  • Understanding bonding in actinide compounds is essential for the field.
  • This review consolidates recent progress in computational actinide chemistry.