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The Nucleolus

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...

The Nucleolus

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...

The Nucleus

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...

The Nucleus

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...

The Nucleus

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...

Additional Subnuclear Structures

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals.
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Cell Free Assay to Study Chromatin Decondensation at the End of Mitosis

A Cell Free Assay to Study Chromatin Decondensation at the End of Mitosis

Published on: December 19, 2015

Nucleolin functions in nucleolus formation and chromosome congression.

Nan Ma¹, Sachihiro Matsunaga, Hideaki Takata

¹Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan.

Journal of Cell Science

|May 31, 2007

Summary

Nucleolin is essential for forming nucleoli and ensuring proper chromosome alignment and spindle organization during cell division. Its depletion causes cell cycle delays and defects in mitosis.

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A Cell Free Assay to Study Chromatin Decondensation at the End of Mitosis

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

The chromosome periphery is a complex structure surrounding chromosomes during mitosis.
The functions of proteins localized to the chromosome periphery during mitosis are not well understood.
Nucleolin is a nucleolar protein found at the chromosome periphery.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the functions of nucleolin during interphase and mitosis.
To elucidate the role of nucleolin in chromosome structure and cell division.

Main Methods:

High-resolution microscopy was employed to visualize nucleolin localization.
RNA-interference-mediated depletion was used to study the effects of nucleolin loss.
Antibody staining specific for phosphorylated nucleolin identified its association with spindle poles.

Main Results:

Nucleolin localizes to the chromosome periphery, including kinetochores, and associates with spindle poles during mitosis.
Nucleolin depletion leads to disorganized nucleoli in interphase cells.
Loss of nucleolin results in prolonged cell cycles, chromosome misalignment, and spindle organization defects.

Conclusions:

Nucleolin is crucial for nucleolus formation.
Nucleolin plays a significant role in chromosome congression and spindle assembly during mitosis.
Understanding nucleolin's function provides insights into mitotic regulation and potential therapeutic targets.