Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Murine Fetal Echocardiography
Published on: February 15, 2013
[Classification of ventricular septal defects]
Abstract:
The hearts were examined from 125 patients with isolated ventricular septal defects (VSD) who had died at the age of 0-14 years before or without operation. One hundred twenty five heart showed 178 defects: 103 with isolated, 22 with multiple VSD. Five major defect types were identified: (1) perimembranous; (2) sinus; (3) central trabecular; (4) boundary muscular trabecular; (5) infundibular. According to the relevance of fibrous skeleton and cardiac conduction system, the defects of various sites are divided into 2 large groups: 1) unadjacent to them (muscular) and 2) adjacent. In terms of septal geometry, there are also two large groups: 1) those located in the inflow portion of the septum and 2) those located in the outflow portion.
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