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Richa Arya1, Moushami Mallik, Subhash C Lakhotia

  • 1Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.

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Heat shock proteins (Hsps) interact with apoptotic pathways, modulating cell death and survival. Non-coding RNAs also play a role, highlighting the complex regulation of cellular homeostasis during stress.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Stress Response

Background:

  • Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are crucial for cellular recovery from stress.
  • Cellular damage can initiate programmed cell death (apoptosis) through various pathways.
  • Understanding Hsp interactions with apoptotic pathways is key to cellular regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions between major heat shock proteins and apoptotic pathway components.
  • To explore the dual roles of Hsps in both promoting cell survival and inducing cell death.
  • To investigate the role of non-coding RNAs in apoptosis regulation during stress.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Hsp-apoptosis interactions.
  • Analysis of Hsp90, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp27, and alpha beta crystallin roles.
  • In vivo studies using Drosophila melanogaster to assess RNA interference (RNAi) effects on apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Hsp90 inhibits apoptosis via NF-kappa B signaling and blocks apoptotic steps.
  • Hsp70 primarily acts anti-apoptotically by inhibiting mitochondrial damage and caspase activation.
  • Hsp60 exhibits both anti-apoptotic (preventing Bax translocation) and pro-apoptotic (maturation of procaspase-3) roles; its RNAi in Drosophila prevents apoptosis.
  • Hsp27 and alpha beta crystallin suppress caspase-mediated cell death.
  • Non-coding hsr omega transcripts are essential for preventing stress-induced apoptosis in Drosophila.

Conclusions:

  • Heat shock proteins modulate apoptotic pathways, acting as critical regulators in cellular networks.
  • Non-coding RNAs function as regulatory hubs by binding multiple proteins.
  • Stress-induced genes exhibit complex roles, influencing both survival and death pathways to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis.