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Competition-colonization trade-offs and disturbance effects at multiple scales.

Marc William Cadotte1

  • 1Complex Systems Group, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA. cadotte@lifesci.ucsb.edu

Ecology
|June 1, 2007
PubMed
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Species coexistence relies on the competition-colonization trade-off. This study reveals that local diversity decreases with disturbance when species favor late successional stages, but larger scales remain unaffected.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Community Ecology
  • Biodiversity Research

Background:

  • The competition-colonization trade-off is a key mechanism explaining species coexistence and diversity in nonequilibrium systems.
  • The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) suggests maximal diversity at intermediate disturbance frequencies, but empirical support is limited.
  • This trade-off is also a significant factor in explaining species coexistence at larger spatial scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the distribution of species traits along the competition-colonization trade-off influences the relationship between disturbance and diversity.
  • To determine if this relationship differs at local versus larger spatial scales.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a microbial experimental system to study the diversity-disturbance relationship.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Manipulated disturbance frequencies and observed effects on species diversity.
  • Analyzed the distribution of species traits, specifically their position along the competition-colonization trade-off.

    • Main Results:

    • When species traits were skewed towards late-successional habits, local species diversity declined as disturbance increased.
    • Despite this trait skew, species diversity at spatial scales larger than the individual patch remained largely insensitive to the trait distribution.
    • Intermediate disturbance frequencies maximized diversity within the patch successional stage, benefiting the most species at larger scales.

    Conclusions:

    • The impact of the competition-colonization trade-off on diversity is scale-dependent.
    • Local diversity patterns are sensitive to trait distribution, particularly under high disturbance.
    • Larger-scale diversity is more robust to trait distribution, with intermediate disturbance promoting coexistence.