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Related Experiment Videos

Recent paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) deaths in Taiwan.

Dong-Liang Lin1, Hsiu-Chuan Liu, Hsin-Ling Yin

  • 1Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Taipei, Taiwan. dllin@mail.moj.gov.tw

Journal of Analytical Toxicology
|June 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) and paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) are dangerous drugs that caused eight fatalities in young men. Toxicological analysis confirmed high PMMA levels in all cases, indicating its lethal potential.

Area of Science:

  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Pharmacology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA) and paramethoxymethamphetamine (PMMA) are controlled substances in Taiwan.
  • Investigating fatalities linked to PMMA provides crucial data on its toxicity.

Observation:

  • Eight recent fatalities involving young individuals (mean age 18.9 years) were analyzed.
  • All cases initially screened positive for amphetamines and were confirmed for PMMA.
  • Men constituted 87.5% of the fatalities.

Findings:

  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed and quantified PMMA and PMA in heart blood.
  • Mean PMMA concentration was 4.312 µg/mL (range: 1.208–15.824 µg/mL).
  • Mean PMA concentration was 0.213 µg/mL (range: 0.079–0.489 µg/mL).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Co-ingestion of other drugs including MDA, MDMA, and ketamine was noted.

    • Implications:

    • High PMMA concentrations in fatalities underscore its significant toxicity.
    • This study highlights the risks associated with PMMA use, particularly among young males.
    • Findings emphasize the need for continued monitoring and public health interventions regarding novel psychoactive substances.