Clinically-relevant variations of the carotid arterial system
V R Anu1, M M Pai, R Rajalakshmi
1Department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. anuranade@gmail.com
Singapore Medical Journal
|June 1, 2007
Summary
Variations in external carotid artery branching and common carotid artery bifurcation levels were studied in 95 cadavers. Findings reveal common carotid artery bifurcation typically occurs at C3/C4 levels, with noted variations useful for surgical planning.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Vascular Anatomy
- Surgical Anatomy
Background:
- Developmental anomalies of the external carotid artery (ECA) are uncommon.
- Variations in ECA origin/branching and common carotid artery (CCA) bifurcation levels are documented.
- This study investigates these anatomical variations in detail.
Purpose of the Study:
- To document variations in CCA bifurcation level and ECA branching patterns.
- To provide anatomical data relevant to head and neck surgery.
- To enhance surgical precision and patient safety.
Main Methods:
- Dissection of common, external, and internal carotid arteries in 95 cadavers (52 male, 43 female).
- Determination of CCA bifurcation level by comparison with cervical vertebrae (C2-C5).
- Examination of ECA branching patterns.
Main Results:
- CCA bifurcation predominantly at C3 (50% right, 55% left) and C4 (40% right, 35% left) levels.
- Observed variations included C2 and C5 levels for bifurcation.
- Identified several interesting variations beyond standard anatomical descriptions.
Conclusions:
- Anatomical knowledge of CCA bifurcation and ECA branching is crucial for surgeons.
- Understanding these variations aids in ligating head and neck vessels.
- This data helps prevent complications during procedures like carotid endarterectomy.
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