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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...

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Related Experiment Videos

Elbow arthritis.

Michael G Soojian1, Young W Kwon

  • 1NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, New York 10003, USA.

Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases
|June 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Elbow arthritis causes pain and stiffness, often managed non-operatively. Surgical options like total elbow arthroplasty or other procedures are considered when conservative treatments fail, based on patient factors.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Elbow arthritis presents with pain and stiffness.
  • Common causes include rheumatoid arthritis, posttraumatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis.
  • Nonoperative treatments offer symptomatic relief for many patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review management options for elbow arthritis.
  • To guide the selection of operative treatment based on disease severity and patient factors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nonoperative management strategies (analgesics, injections, physical therapy, splinting).
  • Evaluation of operative treatments including total elbow arthroplasty, synovectomy, debridement, and interpositional arthroplasty.
  • Emphasis on patient-specific factors (age, activity, expectations) in surgical decision-making.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Nonoperative management provides relief for most patients.
  • Total elbow arthroplasty is effective for severe degeneration but limited in young, active patients due to longevity concerns.
  • Alternative surgeries like synovectomy, debridement, and interpositional arthroplasty offer satisfactory outcomes for select patients.

Conclusions:

  • Preoperative evaluation is crucial for selecting the optimal surgical procedure for individual elbow arthritis patients.
  • Treatment choice depends on balancing disease severity, patient characteristics, and procedure longevity.