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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Contact-dependent Signaling

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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells

T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells

Published on: January 13, 2016

Bidirectional membrane molecule transfer between dendritic and T cells.

Tianpei He¹, Chaoke Tang, Yongqing Liu

¹Cancer Research Unit, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, Departments of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SASK, Canada.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

|June 2, 2007

Summary

This study reveals that dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells engage in bidirectional membrane molecule transfer. Immune cells exchange surface molecules, challenging previous assumptions of unidirectional transfer.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Previous research indicated T cells acquire molecules from dendritic cells (DCs).
The directionality of this molecular transfer between T cells and DCs remained largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether membrane molecule transfer between DCs and T cells is unidirectional or bidirectional.
To identify specific molecules transferred between these immune cell types.

Main Methods:

Incubation of labeled dendritic cells (DC2.4(OVA)) with labeled T cells (OT II CD4+).
Utilized engineered DC lines (DC2.4/Ia(b)GFP and MF4/TCRCFP) to track internalized membranes.
Analyzed molecule acquisition by both cell types using flow cytometry and microscopy.

Main Results:

Demonstrated bidirectional membrane molecule transfer between DCs and T cells.
T cells acquired DC molecules including Ia(b), CD11c, CD40, and CD80.
DCs acquired T cell molecules such as CD4, CD25, CD69, and T cell receptor.
Internalized molecules localized to endosomes in T cells and lysosomes in DCs.

Conclusions:

Established a novel finding of bidirectional membrane molecule transfer between DCs and T cells.
This bidirectional exchange suggests a more complex interaction than previously understood.
Highlights the dynamic nature of immune cell communication and molecule sharing.