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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Assessment of Bone Fracture Healing Using Micro-Computed Tomography
12:04

Assessment of Bone Fracture Healing Using Micro-Computed Tomography

Published on: December 9, 2022

College blues and hues.

Tasha R Johnson1, Mary S Landry

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA. tr.johnson@hosp.wisc.edu

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|June 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Vulvar ulcerations, though common in gynecology, require a broad differential diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of considering various causes for genital tract ulcerations in reproductive-aged females.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Dermatology
  • Reproductive Medicine

Background:

  • Vulvar ulcerations are a common gynecologic presentation.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are essential for patient well-being.

Observation:

  • A 21-year-old female presented with genital itching, tenderness, and sore bumps.
  • Initial treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis was ineffective.
  • Examination revealed coalescent, necrotic ulcerations of the labia minora, vagina, and posterior fourchette.

Findings:

  • The ulcerations, initially suspected as candidiasis, resolved completely.
  • The clinical presentation necessitated a broader differential diagnosis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the need for gynecologists to consider diverse etiologies for vulvar ulcerations.

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Undecalcified Bone Preparation for Histology, Histomorphometry and Fluorochrome Analysis

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Assessment of Bone Fracture Healing Using Micro-Computed Tomography
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Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes
10:19

Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes

Published on: November 29, 2024

Undecalcified Bone Preparation for Histology, Histomorphometry and Fluorochrome Analysis
07:29

Undecalcified Bone Preparation for Histology, Histomorphometry and Fluorochrome Analysis

Published on: January 8, 2010

  • Expanding the differential diagnosis improves patient outcomes in reproductive-aged females.