Nonclassic endogenous novel [corrected] regulators of angiogenesis

Area of Science:

• Vascular Biology
• Endocrinology
• Molecular Medicine

Background:

• Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is primarily regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2).
• Emerging research highlights the significant role of various endogenous peptides in modulating angiogenesis.
• These peptides, found in blood vessels, can influence the "angiogenic switch".

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of non-classic endogenous peptides in regulating angiogenesis.
• To explore both pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic peptide activities.
• To identify potential therapeutic avenues for angiogenesis-related disorders.

Main Methods:

• In vivo and in vitro studies were analyzed.
• Mechanisms of peptide action, including interactions with VEGF and FGF-2 pathways, were examined.
• Evidence for both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of peptides on angiogenesis was compiled.

Main Results:

• Numerous peptides like angiotensin II, adrenomedullin, leptin, and VIP exhibit pro-angiogenic effects, often by stimulating VEGF or FGF-2.
• Adrenomedullin promotes VEGF expression, independent of VEGF blockade.
• Somatostatin, natriuretic peptides, and ghrelin demonstrate anti-angiogenic properties by inhibiting VEGF or FGF-2 signaling.

Conclusions:

• Endogenous peptides represent a critical class of "non-classic" regulators of angiogenesis.
• Understanding these peptide pathways provides novel insights into angiogenic control.
• Targeting these non-classic regulators may offer new therapeutic strategies for diseases involving abnormal angiogenesis.