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Related Concept Videos

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement01:57

Preparation of Diols and Pinacol Rearrangement

Compounds bearing two hydroxyl groups are known as diols. When the hydroxyl groups are located on adjacent carbon atoms, the diols are called vicinal diols or glycols. Under acidic conditions, vicinal diols undergo a specific reaction called pinacol rearrangement.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis01:14

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives01:35

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives

Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate monocarboxylic acids with the liberation of carbon dioxide.

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Applications of Liquid-Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Natural Products Research: Tropane Alkaloids as a Case Study
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Published on: March 8, 2024

Lanostane-type triterpenoids from Diospyros discolor.

Chiy-Rong Chen1, Chao-Wen Cheng, Min-Hsiung Pan

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.

Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
|June 2, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study isolated four novel lanostane-type triterpenes and three known triterpenes from Diospyros discolor twigs. These compounds were identified using advanced spectroscopic methods for structural elucidation.

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Applications of Liquid-Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Natural Products Research: Tropane Alkaloids as a Case Study
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Published on: March 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Phytochemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Diospyros discolor is a plant species known for its potential bioactive compounds.
  • Triterpenes are a class of organic compounds with diverse biological activities.
  • Lanostane-type triterpenes are a specific subclass with unique structural features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize new lanostane-type triterpenes from Diospyros discolor.
  • To identify known triterpenes co-occurring in the plant extract.
  • To elucidate the structures of novel compounds using spectroscopic techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Methanol extraction of Diospyros discolor twigs.
  • Isolation of compounds using chromatographic techniques.
  • Structure elucidation of new compounds via spectroscopic methods (NMR, MS).

Main Results:

  • Four new lanostane-type triterpenes were successfully isolated and identified.
  • Three known triterpenes (betulinaldehyde, betulinic acid methyl ester, ursaldehyde) were also identified.
  • The structures of the novel compounds were fully characterized through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • The methanol extract of Diospyros discolor twigs is a rich source of diverse lanostane-type triterpenes.
  • This research expands the knowledge of chemical constituents present in Diospyros discolor.
  • The identified compounds may serve as leads for further pharmacological investigations.