Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR

The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation01:29

Mass Spectrometry: Branched Alkane Fragmentation

This lesson delves into the mass spectrometry of branched alkane fragmentation. Branched alkanes possess secondary or tertiary carbon atoms, which generate relatively stable carbocations if the cleavage occurs at the branching point. The high stability of carbocations drives the instant fragmentation of branched alkanes. Accordingly, the branched alkane's molecular ion peak is very weak or invisible in the mass spectra, especially in comparison to a linear alkane.
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
Conformations of Cycloalkanes02:29

Conformations of Cycloalkanes

Adolf von Baeyer attempted to explain the instabilities of small and large cycloalkane rings using the concept of angle strain — the strain caused by the deviation of bond angles from the ideal 109.5° tetrahedral value for sp3  hybridized carbons. However, while cyclopropane and cyclobutane are strained, as expected from their highly compressed bond angles, cyclopentane is more strained than predicted, and cyclohexane is virtually strain-free. Hence, Baeyer’s theory that was based on the...
Conformations of Ethane and Propane02:18

Conformations of Ethane and Propane

In an organic molecule, free rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond results in energetically different conformers of the molecule. Due to this rotation, called the internal rotation, ethane has two major conformations — staggered and eclipsed.
Staggered conformation is a low energy and more stable conformation with the C-H bonds on the front carbon placed at 60°dihedral angles relative to the C-H bonds on the back carbon, leading to a reduced torsional strain. In staggered ethane, the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Green microwave synthesis of ZnO/polymer nanohybrids: structural, bioactivity, and theoretical BSA docking studies.

Journal of biomaterials science. Polymer edition·2026
Same author

Selective detection of membrane-bound amyloid-β oligomers using SERS "hot-spots": toward early diagnostics for Alzheimer's disease.

Nanoscale·2026
Same author

Post-Synthetic Functionalization of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Plasticizers.

Chemistry, an Asian journal·2025
Same author

Correction: Recent advances in nanoporous NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> gas sensors: synergizing Raman spectroscopy, IoT, and machine learning for high-performance detection.

Nanoscale·2025
Same author

Recent advances in nanoporous NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> gas sensors: synergizing Raman spectroscopy, IoT, and machine learning for high-performance detection.

Nanoscale·2025
Same author

Tailoring Functional Graphene-Derived Geopolymer Nanocomposites: Interfacial Interactions and Mechanical Strength Enhancement.

ACS materials Au·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States
04:37

High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States

Published on: June 29, 2021

Pressure-induced structural transition in n-pentane: a Raman study.

G Kavitha1, Chandrabhas Narayana

  • 1Light Scattering Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Material Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560 064, India.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
|June 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary

High pressure transforms n-pentane, causing liquid-solid transitions around 3.0 GPa and solid-solid transitions near 12.3 GPa. Above 12.3 GPa, n-pentane enters a disordered phase with kinked carbon chains.

More Related Videos

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States
04:37

High-Pressure NMR Experiments for Detecting Protein Low-Lying Conformational States

Published on: June 29, 2021

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
06:26

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal
06:24

High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Understanding molecular behavior under extreme conditions is crucial for materials science.
  • Hydrocarbons exhibit diverse phase transitions influenced by pressure and temperature.
  • Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for probing molecular structure and phase changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pressure-induced phase transitions of n-pentane using Raman spectroscopy.
  • To characterize the structural changes and conformational dynamics of n-pentane at high pressures.
  • To compare the high-pressure behavior of n-pentane with other hydrocarbons.

Main Methods:

  • High-pressure Raman spectroscopy was employed on n-pentane up to 17 GPa at ambient temperature.
  • Analysis of Raman mode intensities and peak broadening to determine phase transitions and conformational changes.
  • Comparison of spectral data with known conformational markers for n-pentane.

Main Results:

  • n-Pentane exhibited a liquid-solid transition around 3.0 GPa and a solid-solid transition around 12.3 GPa.
  • Above 12.3 GPa, an increase in gauche conformers and broadening of Raman modes indicated a disordered phase.
  • The high-pressure phase is characterized by kinked carbon chains, differing from higher hydrocarbons like n-heptane.

Conclusions:

  • Pressure induces significant structural and conformational changes in n-pentane.
  • A distinct order-disorder phase transition occurs in n-pentane above 12.3 GPa.
  • The high-pressure behavior of n-pentane is unique compared to longer-chain hydrocarbons.