Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

5.8K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
5.8K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

8.1K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
8.1K
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

2.1K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
2.1K
Types of Hormones02:13

Types of Hormones

84.6K
Hormones can be classified into three main types based on their chemical structures: steroids, peptides, and amines. Their actions are mediated by the specific receptors they bind to on target cells.
84.6K
Types of Hormones01:21

Types of Hormones

7.2K
Hormones are classified into four main groups: steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid-based derivatives, and peptide hormones.
Steroids and eicosanoids fall under the category of lipid-soluble hormones. Steroids are derived from cholesterol and feature four interconnected carbon rings with variable side chains. Notable examples include estradiol from ovaries and testosterone from testes, exemplifying the critical roles of these lipid-soluble hormones in reproductive physiology. Eicosanoids, derived...
7.2K
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

36.2K
The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
36.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Alkaloids and antioxidant mechanisms in galls: insights from Peumus boldus-Dasineura sp. interactions.

Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany)·2025
Same author

Outcome of fetal microneurosurgery for intrauterine spina bifida repair in country with deficient healthcare system.

Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·2021
Same author

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide demonstrates lower non-relapse mortality and better graft-versus-host disease/relapse-free survival compared with antithymocyte globulin in unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A single-center experience.

Bone marrow transplantation·2020
Same author

Experimental transmission of Caligus rogercresseyi between two different fish species.

Diseases of aquatic organisms·2020
Same author

Treatment, outcomes and costs of asthma exacerbations in Chilean children: a prospective multicenter observational study.

Allergologia et immunopathologia·2019
Same author

Building a network for multicenter, prospective research of central nervous system infections in South America: Process and lessons learned.

eNeurologicalSci·2018
Same journal

Dissecting the Strain and Sex Specific Connectome Signatures of Unanesthetized C57BL/6J and DBA/2J Mice Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Genes, brain, and behavior·2026
Same journal

Exploring the Association Between Mental Disorders and Various Arrhythmias via Mendelian Randomization Methods.

Genes, brain, and behavior·2026
Same journal

Genetic Architecture of Addiction-Relevant Behaviors in Outbred Sprague-Dawley Rats Reveals Loci for Anxiety-Like and Nociceptive Traits.

Genes, brain, and behavior·2026
Same journal

∆FOSB in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Is Required for Increased Anxiety, but Not Decreased Social Motivation, Following Estrogen Withdrawal in Female Mice.

Genes, brain, and behavior·2026
Same journal

Taste Preferences Shape Disease Susceptibility via Heritable Nutrient Predispositions: A Behavior-Gene Coevolution Framework.

Genes, brain, and behavior·2026
Same journal

Whisking Behaviour Reveals Stronger Evidence of Habituation in Homozygous Reeler Mice Compared to Controls.

Genes, brain, and behavior·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

791

Thyroid hormones, learning and memory.

M Rivas1, J R Naranjo

  • 1Dpto. Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.

Genes, Brain, and Behavior
|July 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial for brain development and cognitive functions like memory. TH deficiency during development can lead to lasting impairments in learning and memory, even in adulthood.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.3K
Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory
09:29

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

Published on: June 5, 2017

19.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

791
Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
04:14

Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

Published on: October 6, 2023

1.3K
Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory
09:29

Drosophila Courtship Conditioning As a Measure of Learning and Memory

Published on: June 5, 2017

19.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones (THs), including T3 and T4, are vital for normal neurological and behavioral development.
  • TH deficiency during gestation and development is linked to intellectual disabilities like cretinism and mental retardation.
  • Thyroid dysfunction in adulthood is associated with cognitive deficits, particularly memory impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of thyroid hormones in learning and memory processes.
  • To summarize evidence from clinical observations and experimental models regarding THs' impact on cognition.
  • To highlight the long-term consequences of developmental TH insufficiency on hippocampal function and memory.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical observations and human studies on thyroid hormone deficiency.
  • Analysis of experimental models investigating the effects of THs on brain development and function.
  • Examination of studies focusing on hippocampal modifications in response to thyroid dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Developmental TH insufficiency alters hippocampal synaptic function.
  • Impaired performance in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks persists into adulthood.
  • Thyroid dysfunction affects cognitive functions, especially memory, throughout life.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormones are essential for normal learning and mnemonic processes.
  • Developmental thyroid hormone deficiency has profound and lasting effects on cognitive function.
  • The hippocampus is a key brain region mediating the cognitive effects of thyroid hormones.