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Prevention of self-immolation by community-based intervention.

Alireza Ahmadi¹, Børge Ytterstad

¹Research Affaires, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6718818838, Iran. ahmadiar1012@yahoo.com

Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries

|June 5, 2007

Summary

A community program effectively reduced self-immolation attempts by 57% in Iran. This intervention utilized local data and victim stories to encourage community action against suicide by burning.

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Injury Prevention

Background:

Self-immolation is a rare but severe suicide method globally, with higher prevalence in developing countries.
In Iran, self-immolation accounts for a significant portion of suicides and burn center admissions, with high mortality rates.
Previous studies highlight the urgent need for effective prevention programs in Iran.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based program designed to prevent self-immolation.
To assess the program's impact on overall suicide attempt rates.

Main Methods:

A quasi-experimental design was employed in two Iranian cities: Gilangharb (intervention) and Sarpolzahab (reference).
Hospital data on self-immolation and all suicide attempts were collected from March 1999 to March 2003.
A community-based intervention, including passive and active strategies and victim story videos, was implemented for three years following a one-year baseline data collection. Interventions targeted high-risk groups like young women and socio-economically deprived individuals.

Main Results:

The intervention community (Gilangharb) experienced a 57% decrease in self-immolation attempts compared to baseline (p=0.04).
The reference community (Sarpolzahab) showed a 27% decrease, which was not statistically significant.
In the intervention community, overall suicide attempts decreased by 19%, while they increased by 24% in the reference community (p<0.0001 for difference between groups during intervention).

Conclusions:

Community-based prevention programs can be effective in reducing self-immolation.
The use of local data and compelling victim narratives can motivate community engagement in suicide prevention efforts.