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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
09:02

Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation

Published on: November 26, 2018

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Paolo Ghia1, Andrés M Ferreri, Federico Caligaris-Cappio

  • 1Department of Oncology, Universita' Vita-Salute San Raffaele, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. ghia.paolo@hsr.it

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|June 5, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) involves mature B lymphocyte accumulation. New prognostic factors from leukemic cell biology aid in early diagnosis and patient stratification for advanced treatments.

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Subcellular Fractionation of Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to Monitor Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Protein Trafficking
11:39

Subcellular Fractionation of Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells to Monitor Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Protein Trafficking

Published on: October 23, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent adult leukemia in Western countries.
  • It is characterized by the accumulation of mature B lymphocytes in blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs.
  • While CLL cells share a distinct phenotype crucial for diagnosis, clinical outcomes vary significantly, ranging from indolent to aggressive disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of distinct leukemic cell phenotypes in CLL diagnosis.
  • To underscore the variability in clinical outcomes despite phenotypic homogeneity.
  • To discuss recent advancements in identifying prognostic factors for CLL patients at diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic analysis of leukemic B lymphocytes.
  • Correlation of biological features with clinical outcomes.
  • Stratification of patients based on prognostic factors for clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • Prognostic factors derived from leukemic lymphocyte biology are increasingly utilized.
  • These factors aid in stratifying patients for clinical trials.
  • New treatments are being evaluated for their efficacy in different patient strata.

Conclusions:

  • Current chemotherapeutic regimens for CLL are not curative.
  • All patients are expected to die with or from their disease.
  • Prognostic factors are crucial for tailoring treatment strategies and improving patient management in CLL.